Skip to main content
  • Research Article
  • Open access
  • Published:

A Remark on the Blowup of Solutions to the Laplace Equations with Nonlinear Dynamical Boundary Conditions

Abstract

We present some sufficient conditions of blowup of the solutions to Laplace equations with semilinear dynamical boundary conditions of hyperbolic type.

1. Introduction

Let be a bounded domain of with a smooth boundary where and are closed and disjoint and possesses positive measure. We consider the following problem:

(1.1)
(1.2)
(1.3)
(1.4)

where are constants, is the Laplace operator with respect to the space variables, and is the outer unit normal derivative to boundary . are given initial functions. For convenience, we take in this paper.

The problem (1.1)–(1.4) can be used as models to describe the motion of a fluid in a container or to describe the displacement of a fluid in a medium without gravity; see [1–5] for more information. In recent years, the problem has attracted a great deal of people. Lions [6] used the theory of maximal monotone operators to solve the existence of solution of the following problem:

(1.5)
(1.6)
(1.7)

Hintermann [2] used the theory of semigroups in Banach spaces to give the existence and uniqueness of the solution for problem (1.5)–(1.7). Cavalcanti et al. [7–11] studied the existence and asymptotic behavior of solutions evolution problem on manifolds. In this direction, the existence and asymptotic behavior of the related of evolution problem on manifolds has been also considered by Andrade et al. [12, 13], Antunes et al. [14], Araruna et al. [15], and Hu et al. [16]. In addition, Doronin et al. [17] studied a class hyperbolic problem with second-order boundary conditions.

We will consider the blowup of the solution for problem (1.1)–(1.4) with nonlinear boundary source term . Blowup of the solution for problem (1.1)–(1.4) was considered by Kirane [3], when , by use of Jensen's inequality and Glassey's method [18]. Kirane et al. [19] concerned blowup of the solution for the Laplace equations with a hyperbolic type dynamical boundary inequality by the test function methods. In this paper, we present some sufficient conditions of blowup of the solutions for the problem (1.1)–(1.4) when is a bounded domain and can be a nonempty set. We use a different approach from those ones used in the prior literature [3, 19].

Another related problem to (1.1)–(1.4) is the following problem:

(1.8)
(1.9)
(1.10)

Amann and Fila [20], Kirane [3], and Koleva and Vulkov [21] Vulkov [22] considered blowup of the solution of problem (1.8)–(1.10). For more results concerning the related problem (1.8)–(1.10), we refer the reader to [3, 6, 19–31] and their references. In these papers, existence, boundedness, asymptotic behavior, and nonexistence of global solutions for problem (1.8)–(1.10) were studied.

In this paper, the definition of the usually space can be found in [32] and the norm of is denoted by .

2. Blowup of the Solutions

In this paper, we always assume that the initial data , and and that the problem (1.1)–(1.4) possesses a unique local weak solution [2, 3, 6] that is, is in the class

(2.1)

and the boundary conditions are satisfied in the trace sense [2].

Lemma 2.1 (see [33]).

Suppose that and . Then, .

Theorem 2.2.

Suppose that is a weak solution of problem (1.1)–(1.4) and satisfies:

(1)

(2)  

where . Then, the solution of problem (1.1)–(1.4) blows up in a finite time.

Proof.

Denote

(2.2)

then from (1.1)–(1.4), we have

(2.3)

Hence

(2.4)

Let Using condition (1) of Theorem 2.2, we have

(2.5)

Observing that

(2.6)
(2.7)

we know from (2.5)–(2.7) that

(2.8)

It follows from (2.8) that

(2.9)
(2.10)

where From (2.8) and (2.10), we have

(2.11)

Using the inversion of the Hölder inequality, we obtain

(2.12)
(2.13)

Substituting (2.12) and (2.13) into (2.11), we have

(2.14)

Noticing that

(2.15)

we have

(2.16)

We see from (2.9) and (2.10) that as . Therefore, there is a such that

(2.17)

Multiplying both sides of (2.16) by and using (2.9), we get

(2.18)

where

(2.19)

From (2.18) we have

(2.20)

where Integrating (2.20) over , we arrive at

(2.21)

Observe that when , the right-hand side of (2.21) approaches to positive infinity since for sufficiently large ; hence, there is a such that the right side of (2.21) is larger than or equal to zero when . We thus have

(2.22)

Extracting the square root of both sides of (2.22) and noticing that , we obtain

(2.23)

since , where

Consider the following initial value problem of the Bernoulli equation:

(2.24)

Solving the problem (2.24), we obtain the solution

(2.25)

where Obviously, , and for

(2.26)

From (2.10), we see that

(2.27)

as Take sufficiently large such that It follows from (2.26) and the condition of Theorem 2.2 that

(2.28)

Therefore,

(2.29)

By virtue of the continuity of and the theorem of the intermediate values, there is a constant such that Hence, as It follows from Lemma 2.1 that Thus, as The theorem is proved.

Theorem 2.3.

Suppose that is a convex function, , where is a real number , and is a weak solution of problem (1.1)–(1.4)

(2.30)

where is the normalized eigenfunction (i.e., ) corresponding the smallest eigenvalue of the following Steklov spectral problem [23]:

(2.31)
(2.32)
(2.33)

where are defined as in Section 1. Then, the solution of problem (1.1)–(1.4) blows up in a finite time.

Proof.

Let

(2.34)

Then, . It follows from (1.1)–(1.4) that satisfies

(2.35)

Using Green's formula, we have

(2.36)

where we have used (2.31) and the fact that is the eigenfunction of the problem (1.1)–(1.4), and are denoted as the expressions in the first and the second parenthesis, respectively. From (2.32), we have

(2.37)

If , it is clear that otherwise, by (1.3) and (2.33),

(2.38)

Therefore, (2.36) implies that , that is,

(2.39)

Now, (2.35) takes the form

(2.40)

From Jensen's inequality and the condition , we have

(2.41)

Substituting the above inequality into (2.40), we get

(2.42)

Since , from the continuity of , it follows that there is a right neighborhood of the point , in which and hence If there exists a point such that but then is monotonically increasing on It follows from (2.42) that on

(2.43)

and thus is monotonically increasing on This contradicts . Therefore, and hence as .

Multiplying both sides of (2.42) by and integrating the product over , we get

(2.44)

Since and

(2.45)

then Extracting the square root of both sides of (2.44), we have

(2.46)

Equation (2.46) means that the interval of the existence of is finite this, that is,

(2.47)

and as . The theorem is proved.

Remark 2.4.

The results of the above theorem hold when one considers (1.1)–(1.4) with more general elliptic operator, like

(2.48)

and the corresponding boundary conditions

(2.49)

References

  1. Garipov RM: On the linear theory of gravity waves: the theorem of existence and uniqueness. Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis 1967 , 24: 352-362.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Hintermann T: Evolution equations with dynamic boundary conditions. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section A 1989,113(1-2):43-60. 10.1017/S0308210500023945

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Kirane M: Blow-up for some equations with semilinear dynamical boundary conditions of parabolic and hyperbolic type. Hokkaido Mathematical Journal 1992,21(2):221-229.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Lamb H: Hydrodynamics. 4th edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Mass, USA; 1916.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Langer RE: A problem in diffusion or in the flow of heat for a solid in contact with a fluid. Tohoku Mathematical Journal 1932, 35: 260-275.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Lions J-L: Quelques méthodes de résolution des problèmes aux limites non linéaires. Dunod, Paris, France; 1969:xx+554.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Cavalcanti MM, Cavalcanti VND: On solvability of solutions of degenerate nonlinear equations on manifolds. Differential and Integral Equations 2000,13(10–12):1445-1458.

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Cavalcanti MM, Cavalcanti VND: Existence and asymptotic stability for evolution problems on manifolds with damping and source terms. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 2004,291(1):109-127. 10.1016/j.jmaa.2003.10.020

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Cavalcanti MM, Cavalcanti VND, Fukuoka R, Soriano JA: Asymptotic stability of the wave equation on compact surfaces and locally distributed damping—a sharp result. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 2009,361(9):4561-4580. 10.1090/S0002-9947-09-04763-1

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Cavalcanti MM, Cavalcanti VND, Fukuoka R, Soriano JA: Uniform stabilization of the wave equation on compact manifolds and locally distributed damping—a sharp result. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 2009,351(2):661-674. 10.1016/j.jmaa.2008.11.008

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Cavalcanti MM, Khemmoudj A, Medjden M: Uniform stabilization of the damped Cauchy-Ventcel problem with variable coefficients and dynamic boundary conditions. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 2007,328(2):900-930. 10.1016/j.jmaa.2006.05.070

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Andrade D, Cavalcanti MM, Cavalcanti VND, Oquendo HP: Existence and asymptotic stability for viscoelastic evolution problems on compact manifolds. Journal of Computational Analysis and Applications 2006,8(2):173-193.

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Andrade D, Cavalcanti MM, Cavalcanti VND, Oquendo HP: Existence and asymptotic stability for viscoelastic evolution problems on compact manifolds. II. Journal of Computational Analysis and Applications 2006,8(3):287-301.

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Antunes GO, Crippa HR, da Silva MDG: Periodic problem for a nonlinear-damped wave equation on the boundary. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 2010,33(11):1275-1283.

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Araruna FD, Antunes GO, Medeiros LA: Semilinear wave equation on manifolds. Annales de la Faculté des Sciences de Toulouse 2002,11(1):7-18. 10.5802/afst.1014

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Hu Q-Y, Zhu B, Zhang H-W: A decay result to an elliptic equation with dynamical boundary condition. Chinese Quarterly Journal of Mathematics 2009,24(3):365-369.

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Doronin GG, Larkin NA, Souza AJ: A hyperbolic problem with nonlinear second-order boundary damping. Electronic Journal of Differential Equations 1998, (28):1-10.

  18. Glassey RT: Blow-up theorems for nonlinear wave equations. Mathematische Zeitschrift 1973, 132: 183-203. 10.1007/BF01213863

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Kirane M, Nabana E, Pohozaev SI: Nonexistence of global solutions to an elliptic equation with a dynamical boundary condition. Boletim da Sociedade Paranaense de Matemática. 3rd Série 2004,22(2):9-16.

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Amann H, Fila M: A Fujita-type theorem for the Laplace equation with a dynamical boundary condition. Acta Mathematica Universitatis Comenianae 1997,66(2):321-328.

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Koleva M, Vulkov L: Blow-up of continuous and semidiscrete solutions to elliptic equations with semilinear dynamical boundary conditions of parabolic type. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 2007,202(2):414-434. 10.1016/j.cam.2006.02.037

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Vulkov LG: Blow up for some quasilinear equations with dynamical boundary conditions of parabolic type. Applied Mathematics and Computation 2007,191(1):89-99. 10.1016/j.amc.2007.01.059

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Belinsky B: Eigenvalue problems for elliptic type partial differential operators with spectral parameters contained linearly in boundary conditions. Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation (ISAAC '97), December 1997, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  24. Escher J: Nonlinear elliptic systems with dynamic boundary conditions. Mathematische Zeitschrift 1992,210(3):413-439.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Fila M, Quittner P: Global solutions of the Laplace equation with a nonlinear dynamical boundary condition. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 1997,20(15):1325-1333. 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1476(199710)20:15<1325::AID-MMA916>3.0.CO;2-G

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. Fila M, Quittner P: Large time behavior of solutions of a semilinear parabolic equation with a nonlinear dynamical boundary condition. In Topics in Nonlinear Analysis, Progr. Nonlinear Differential Equations Appl.. Volume 35. Birkhäuser, Basel, Switzerland; 1999:251-272.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Koleva M: On the computation of blow-up solutions of elliptic equations with semilinear dynamical boundary conditions. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Large-Scale Scientific Computing (LSSC '03), June 2003, Sozopol, Bulgaria, Lecture Notes in Computer Sciences 2907: 105-123.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Koleva MN, Vulkov LG: On the blow-up of finite difference solutions to the heat-diffusion equation with semilinear dynamical boundary conditions. Applied Mathematics and Computation 2005,161(1):69-91. 10.1016/j.amc.2003.12.010

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Marinho AO, Lourêdo AT, Lima OA: On a parabolic strongly nonlinear problem on manifolds. Electronic Journal of Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations 2008, (13):1-20.

  30. Vitillaro E: On the Laplace equation with non-linear dynamical boundary conditions. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 2006,93(2):418-446. 10.1112/S0024611506015875

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. Yin Z: Global existence for elliptic equations with dynamic boundary conditions. Archiv der Mathematik 2003,81(5):567-574. 10.1007/s00013-003-0104-x

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Lions JL, Magenes E: Nonhomegeneous Boundary Value Problems and Applications. Springer, New York, NY, USA; 1972.

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Li Y: Basic inequalityies and the uniqueness of the solutions for differential equations. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis 1960, 1: 257-293.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are very grateful to the referee's suggestions and comments. The authors are supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and Foundation of Henan University of Technology.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hongwei Zhang.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhang, H., Hu, Q. A Remark on the Blowup of Solutions to the Laplace Equations with Nonlinear Dynamical Boundary Conditions. Bound Value Probl 2010, 203248 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/203248

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/203248

Keywords