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# Blow-up for an evolution p-laplace system with nonlocal sources and inner absorptions

Yan Zhang1, Dengming Liu2*, Chunlai Mu2 and Pan Zheng2

### Author affiliations

1 School of Mathematics and Computer Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, PR China

2 College of Mathematics and Statistics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 410031, PR China

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Boundary Value Problems 2011, 2011:29  doi:10.1186/1687-2770-2011-29

 Received: 10 June 2011 Accepted: 6 October 2011 Published: 6 October 2011

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

### Abstract

This paper investigates the blow-up properties of positive solutions to the following system of evolution p-Laplace equations with nonlocal sources and inner absorptions

{ u t div ( | u | p 2 u ) = Ω v m d x α u r , x Ω , t > 0, v t div ( | v | q 2 v ) = Ω u n d x β v s , x Ω , t > 0

with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions in a smooth bounded domain Ω ∈ RN(N ≥ 1), where p, q > 2, m, n, r, s ≥ 1, α, β > 0. Under appropriate hypotheses, the authors discuss the global existence and blow-up of positive weak solutions by using a comparison principle.

2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 35B35; 35K60; 35K65; 35K57.

##### Keywords:
evolution p-Laplace system; global existence; blow-up; nonlocal sources; absorptions

### 1 Introduction

In this paper, we deal with the blow-up properties of positive solutions to an evolution p-Laplace system of the form

{ u t div ( | u | p 2 u ) = Ω v m d x α u r , x Ω , t > 0, v t div ( | v | q 2 v ) = Ω u n d x β v s , x Ω , t > 0, u ( x , t ) = v ( x , t ) = 0, x Ω , t > 0, u ( x ,0 ) = u 0 ( x ), v ( x ,0 ) = v 0 ( x ), x Ω ¯ , (1.1)

where p, q > 2, m, n, r, s ≥ 1, α, β > 0, Ω is a bounded domain in RN(N ≥ 1) with a smooth boundary ∂Ω, the initial data u 0 ( x ) C ( Ω ¯ ) W 0 1 , p ( Ω ) , v 0 ( x ) C ( Ω ¯ ) W 0 1 , q ( Ω ) and u 0 ( x ) ν < 0 , v 0 ( x ) ν < 0 , where v denotes the unit outer normal vector on ∂Ω.

System (1.1) is the classical reaction-diffusion system of Fujita-type for p = q = 2. If p ≠ 2, q ≠ 2, (1.1) appears in the theory of non-Newtonian fluids [1,2] and in nonlinear filtration theory [3]. In the non-Newtonian fluids theory, the pair (p, q) is a characteristic quantity of the medium. Media with (p, q) > (2, 2) are called dilatant fluids and those with (p, q) < (2, 2) are called pseudoplastics. If (p, q) = (2, 2), they are Newtonian fluids.

System (1.1) has been studied by many authors. For p = q = 2, Escobedo and Herrero [4] considered the following problem

u t = Δ u + v p , v t = Δ v + u q , x Ω , t > 0 , u ( x , t ) = v ( x , t ) = 0 , x Ω , t > 0 , u ( x , 0 ) = u 0 ( x ) , v ( x , 0 ) = v 0 ( x ) , x Ω ¯ , (1.2)

where p, q > 0. Their main results read as follows. (i) If pq ≤ 1, every solution of (1.2) is global in time. (ii) If pq > 1, some solutions are global while some others blow up in finite time.

In the last three decades, many authors studied the following degenerate parabolic problem

{ u t div ( | u | p 2 u ) = f ( u ), x Ω , t > 0, u ( x , t ) = 0, x Ω , t > 0 u ( x ,0 ) = u 0 ( x ), x Ω ¯ . (1.3)

under different conditions (see [5,6] for nonlinear boundary conditions; see [7-10] for local nonlinear reaction terms; see [11] for nonlocal nonlinear reaction terms). In [12], the existence, uniqueness, and regularity of solutions were obtained. When f(u) = -uq, q > 0 or f(u) ≡ 0 extinction phenomenon of the solution may appear [13-15]; However, if f(u) = uq, q > 1 the solution may blow up in finite time [7-10,14].

Especially, in [11], Li and Xie dealt with the following p-Laplace equation

{ u t div ( | u | p 2 u ) = Ω u q ( x , t ) d x , x Ω , t > 0, u ( x , t ) = 0, x Ω , t > 0 u ( x ,0 ) = u 0 ( x ), x Ω ¯ . (1.4)

Under appropriate hypotheses, they established the local existence and uniqueness of its solution. Furthermore, they obtained that the solution u exists globally if q < p - 1; u blows up in finite time if q > p - 1 and u0(x) is large enough.

Recently, in [16], Li generalized (1.4) to system and studied the following problem

{ u t div ( | u | p 2 u ) = α Ω v m d x , x Ω , t > 0, v t div ( | v | q 2 v ) = β Ω u n d x , x Ω , t > 0, u ( x , t ) = v ( x , t ) = 0, x Ω , t > 0, u ( x ,0 ) = u 0 ( x ), v ( x ,0 ) = v 0 ( x ), x Ω ¯ . (1.5)

Similar to [11], he proved that whether the solution blows up in finite time depends on the initial data, constants α, β, and the relations between mn and (p - 1)(q - 1).

For other works on parabolic system like (1.1), we refer readers to [17-30] and the references therein.

When p = q, m = n, r = s, α = β, u0(x) = v0(x), system (1.1) is then reduced to a single p-Laplace equation

u t div ( | u | p 2 u ) = Ω u m d x α u r . (1.6)

However, to the authors' best knowledge, there is little literature on the study of the global existence and blow-up properties for problems (1.1) and (1.6). Motivated by the above works, in this paper, we investigate the blow-up properties of solutions of the problem (1.1) and extend the results of [4,11,16,19] to more generalized cases.

In order to state our results, we introduce some useful symbols. Throughout this paper, we let φ(x), ψ(x) be the unique solution of the following elliptic problem

div ( | φ | p 2 φ ) = 1, x Ω ; φ ( x ) = 0, x Ω (1.7)

and

div ( | ψ | q 2 ψ ) = 1, x Ω ; ψ ( x ) = 0, x Ω , (1.8)

respectively. For convenience, we denote

m 1 = min Ω ¯ φ ( x ) , M 1 = max Ω ¯ φ ( x ) , m 2 = min Ω ¯ ψ ( x ) , M 2 = max Ω ¯ ψ ( x ) .

Before starting the main results, we introduce a pair of parameters (μ, γ) solving the following characteristic algebraic system

( - μ m n - γ ) ( τ θ ) = ( 1 1 ) ,

namely,

τ = m + γ m n - μ γ , θ = n + μ m n - μ γ

with

μ = max { p - 1 , r } , γ = max { q - 1 , s } .

It is obvious that 1/τ and 1/θ share the same signs. We claim that the critical exponent of problem (1.1) should be (1/τ, 1/θ) = (0, 0), described by the following theorems.

Theorem 1.1. Assume that (1/τ, 1/θ) < (0, 0), then there exist solutions of (1.1) being globally bounded.

Theorem 1.2. Assume that (1/τ, 1/θ) > (0, 0), then the nonnegative solution of (1.1) blows up in finite time for sufficiently large initial values and exists globally for sufficiently small initial values.

Theorem 1.3. Assume that (1/τ, 1/θ) = (0, 0), φ(x) and ψ(x) are defined in (1.7) and (1.8), respectively.

(i) Suppose that r > p - 1 and s > q - 1. If αnβr ≥ |Ω|n+r, then the solutions are globally bounded for small initial data; if Ω ψ m d x > α φ r , Ω φ n d x > β ψ s , then the solutions blow up in finite time for large data.

(ii) Suppose that p - 1 > r and q - 1 > s. If ( Ω φ n d x ) 1 q - 1 ( Ω ψ m d x ) 1 m 1 , then the solutions are globally bounded for small initial data; if Ω ψ m d x > 1 , Ω φ n d x > 1 then the solutions blow up in finite time for large data.

(iii) Suppose that p - 1 > r and s > q - 1. If Ω φ n d x Ω - 1 m β 1 s , then the solutions are globally bounded for small initial data; if Ω ψ m d x > 1 , Ω φ n d x > β ψ s , then the solutions blow up in finite time for large data.

(iv) Suppose that r > p - 1 and q - 1 > s. If Ω ψ m d x Ω - 1 n α 1 r , then the solutions are globally bounded for small initial data; if Ω φ n d x > 1 , Ω ψ m d x > α φ r , then the solutions blow up in finite time for sufficiently large data.

The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we shall establish the comparison principle and local existence theorem for problem (1.1). Theorems 1.1 and 1.2 will be proved in Section 3 and Section 4, respectively. Finally, we will give the proof of Theorem 1.3 in Section 5.

### 2 Preliminaries

Since the equations in (1.1) are degenerate at points where ∇u = 0 or ∇v = 0, there is no classical solution in general, and we therefore consider its weak solutions. Let ΩT = Ω × (0, T), ST = ∂Ω × (0, T) and Ω ¯ T = Ω ¯ × [ 0 , T ) . We begin with the precise definition of a weak solution of problem (1.1).

Definition 2.1 A pair of functions (u(x, t), v(x, t)) is called a weak solution of problem (1.1) in Ω ¯ T × Ω ¯ T if and only if

(i) (u, v) is in the space ( C ( 0 , T ; L ( Ω ) ) L p ( 0 , T ; W 0 1 , p ( Ω ) ) ) × ( C ( 0 , T ; L ( Ω ) ) L q ( 0 , T ; W 0 1 , q ( Ω ) ) ) and (ut, vt) ∈ L2(0, T; L2(Ω)) × L2(0, T; L2(Ω)).

(ii) the following equalities

Ω T u t ϕ 1 d x d t + Ω T u p - 2 u ϕ 1 d x d t = Ω T ϕ 1 ( Ω v m d x - α u r ) d x d t

and

Ω T v t ϕ 2 d x d t + Ω T v q - 2 v ϕ 2 d x d t = Ω T ϕ 2 ( Ω u n d x - β v s ) d x d t

hold for all ϕ1, ϕ2, which belong to the class of test functions

Θ 1 Ψ C 1 , 1 ( Ω ¯ T ) ; Ψ ( x , T ) = 0 ; Ψ ( x , t ) = 0 o n S T .

(iii) u(x, t)|t = 0 = u0(x), v(x, t)|t = 0 = v0(x) for all x Ω ¯ .

In a natural way, the notion of a weak subsolution for (1.1) is given as follows.

Definition 2.2 A pair of functions (

u
(x, t),
v
(x, t)) is called a weak subsolution of problem (1.1) in Ω ¯ T × Ω ¯ T if and only if

(i) (

u
,
v
) is in the space ( C ( 0 , T ; L ( Ω ) ) L p ( 0 , T ; W 0 1 , p ( Ω ) ) ) × ( C ( 0 , T ; L ( Ω ) ) L q ( 0 , T ; W 0 1 , q ( Ω ) ) ) and (
u
t
,
v
t
) ∈ L2(0, T; L2(Ω)) × L2(0, T; L2(Ω)).

(ii) the following inequalities

Ω T u t ϕ 1 d x d t + Ω T u p - 2 u ϕ 1 d x d t Ω T ϕ 1 ( Ω v m d x - α u r ) d x d t

and

Ω T v t ϕ 2 d x d t + Ω T v q - 2 v ϕ 2 d x d t Ω T ϕ 2 ( Ω u n d x - β v s ) d x d t

hold for any ϕ1, ϕ2, which belong to the class of test functions

Θ 2 { Ψ C 1 , 1 ( Ω ¯ T ) ; Ψ ( x , t ) 0 ; Ψ ( x , T ) = 0 ; Ψ ( x , t ) = 0 o n S T } .

(iii)

u
(x, t)|t = 0 u0(x),
v
(x, t)|t = 0 v0(x) for all x Ω ¯ .

Similarly, a pair of functions ( u ¯ ( x , t ) , v ¯ ( x , t ) ) is a weak supersolution of (1.1) if the reversed inequalities hold in Definition 2.2. A weak solution of (1.1) is both a weak subsolution and a weak supersolution of (1.1).

We shall use the following comparison principle to prove our global and nonglobal existence results.

Proposition 2.3 Let (

u
,
v
) and ( u ¯ , v ¯ ) be a nonnegative subsolution and supersolution of (1.1), respectively, with ( u ( x , 0 ) , v ( x , 0 ) ) ( u ¯ ( x , 0 ) , v ¯ ( x , 0 ) ) for all x Ω ¯ . Then, ( u , v ) ( u ¯ , v ¯ ) a.e. in Ω ¯ T × Ω ¯ T .

Proof. From the definitions of weak subsolution and supersolution, for any ϕ1, ϕ2 ∈ Θ2, we could obtain that

Ω T ( u t - u ¯ t ) ϕ 1 d x d t + Ω T ( u p - 2 u - u ¯ p - 2 u ¯ ) ϕ 1 d x d t Ω T ϕ 1 Ω ( v m - v ¯ m ) d x - α ( u r - u ¯ r ) d x d t , (2.1)

and

Ω T ( v t - v ¯ t ) ϕ 2 d x d t + Ω T ( v q - 2 v - v ¯ q - 2 v ¯ ) ϕ 2 d x d t Ω T ϕ 2 Ω ( u n - u ¯ n ) d x - β ( v s - v ¯ s ) d x d t . (2.2)

In addition, inequalities (2.1) and (2.2) remain true for any subcylinder of the form Ωτ = Ω × (0, τ) ⊂ ΩT and corresponding lateral boundary Sτ = ∂Ω × (0, τ) ⊂ ST. Taking a special test function ϕ 1 = χ [ 0 , τ ] ( u - u ¯ ) + in (2.1), where χ[0, τ] is the characteristic function defined on [0, τ] and s+ = max{s, 0}, we find that

Ω τ ( u ¯ t u ¯ t ) ( u ¯ u ¯ ) + d x d t + Ω τ ( | u ¯ | p 2 u ¯ | u ¯ | p 2 u ¯ ) ( u ¯ u ¯ ) + d x d t m | Ω | M ^ m 1 Ω τ ( v ¯ v ¯ ) + ( u ¯ u ¯ ) + d x d t + α r M ^ r 1 Ω τ ( u ¯ u ¯ ) + 2 d x d t , (2.3)

where |Ω| denotes the Lebesgue measure of Ω and

M ^ = max u L ( Ω T ) , u ¯ L ( Ω T ) , v L ( Ω T ) , v ¯ L ( Ω T ) .

Next, our task is to estimate the first term on the right-side of (2.3). In view of Cauchy's inequality, we see that

m Ω M ^ m - 1 Ω τ ( v - v ¯ ) + ( u - u ¯ ) + d x d t 1 2 m Ω M ^ m - 1 Ω τ ( v - v ¯ ) + 2 d x d t + Ω τ ( u - u ¯ ) + 2 d x d t . (2.4)

Furthermore, by Lemma 1.4.4 in [12], we know that there exists δ > 0 such that

( u p - 2 u - u ¯ p - 2 u ¯ ) χ [ 0 , τ ] ( u - u ¯ ) min 0 , δ ( u - u ¯ ) + p . (2.5)

Combining now (2.3)-(2.5), we deduce that

Ω ( u - u ¯ ) + 2 d x C 1 Ω τ ( u - u ¯ ) + 2 d x d t + C 2 Ω τ ( v - v ¯ ) + 2 d x d t , (2.6)

here C 1 = 1 2 m Ω M ^ m - 1 + α r M ^ r - 1 , C 2 = 1 2 m Ω M ^ m - 1 .

Likewise, taking test function ϕ 2 = χ [ 0 , τ ] ( v - v ¯ ) + in (2.2), we have that

Ω ( v - v ¯ ) + 2 d x C 3 Ω τ ( u - u ¯ ) + 2 d x d t + C 4 Ω τ ( v - v ¯ ) + 2 d x d t , (2.7)

where C3, C4 denote some positive constants. Moreover, there exists a large enough constant C, such that

Ω ( u - u ¯ ) + 2 + ( v - v ¯ ) + 2 d x C Ω τ ( u - u ¯ ) + 2 + ( v - v ¯ ) + 2 d x d t . (2.8)

Now, we write

y ( τ ) = ( u - u ¯ ) + 2 + ( v - v ¯ ) + 2 ,

then, (2.8) implies that

y ( τ ) C 0 τ y ( t ) d t f o r a . e . 0 τ T . (2.9)

By Gronwall's inequality, we know that y(τ) = 0, for any τ ∈ [0, T]. Thus, ( u - u ¯ ) + = ( v - v ¯ ) + = 0 , this means that u u ¯ , v v ¯ in Ω ¯ T as desired. The proof of Proposition 2.3 is complete. □

With the above established comparison principle in hand, we are able to show the basic existence theorem of weak solutions. Here, we only state the local existence theorem, and its proof is standard [12, 16, for more details].

Theorem 2.1 Given ( 0 , 0 ) ( u 0 , v 0 ) ( C ( Ω ¯ ) W 0 1 , p ) × ( C ( Ω ¯ ) W 0 1 , q ) , there is some T0 > 0 such that the problem (1.1) admits a nonnegative unique weak solution (u, v) for each t < T0, and ( u , v ) ( C ( 0 , T 0 ; L ( Ω ) ) L p ( 0 , T ; W 0 1 , p ( Ω ) ) ) × ( C ( 0 , T ; L ( Ω ) ) L q ( 0 , T 0 ; W 0 1 , q ( Ω ) ) ) . Furthermore, either T0 = ∞ or

lim t T 0 - sup ( u ( x , t ) | | + v ( x , t ) | | ) = .

### 3 Proof of Theorem 1.1

Proof of Theorem 1.1. Notice that (1/τ, 1/θ) < (0, 0) implies

m n < μ γ = max { p - 1 , r } max { q - 1 , s } .

We will prove Theorem 1.1 in four subcases.

(a) For μ = r, γ = s, we then have mn < rs. Let ( u ¯ , v ¯ ) = ( A , B ) , where A max x Ω ¯ u 0 ( x ) , B max x Ω ¯ v 0 ( x ) will be determined later. After a simple computation, we have

u ¯ t div ( | u ¯ | p 2 u ¯ ) Ω v ¯ m d x + α u ¯ r = α A r | Ω | B m ,

and

v ¯ t div ( | v ¯ | p 2 v ¯ ) Ω u ¯ n d x + β v ¯ s = β B s | Ω | A n .

So, ( u ¯ , v ¯ ) is a time-independent supersolution of problem (1.1) if

α A r | Ω | B m and β B s | Ω | A n ,

i.e.,

B m r ( | Ω | α ) 1 r A B s n ( | Ω | β ) 1 n . (3.1)

(b) For μ = p - 1, γ = q - 1, we then have mn < (p - 1)(q - 1). Let

( u ¯ , v ¯ ) = ( A ( φ + 1 ) , B ( ψ + 1 ) ) ,

where φ, ψ satisfying (1.7) and (1.8), respectively. Taking

A max { max Ω ¯ u 0 ( x ), ( ( m 1 + 1 ) m n q 1 ( M 2 + 1 ) m | Ω | m + q 1 q 1 ) q 1 ( p 1 ) ( q 1 ) m n } ,

and

B max { max Ω ¯ v 0 ( x ), ( ( m 1 + 1 ) n ( M 2 + 1 ) m n p 1 | Ω | n + p 1 q 1 ) p 1 ( p 1 ) ( q 1 ) m n } ,

then it is easy to verify that ( u ¯ , v ¯ ) is a global supersolution for system (1.1).

(c) For μ = r, γ = q - 1, we then have mn < r(q - 1). Choose A max x Ω ¯ u 0 ( x ) and B max x Ω ¯ v 0 ( x ) satisfy

( | Ω | A n ) 1 q - 1 B ( α | Ω | A r ( M 2 + 1 ) - m ) 1 m .

Let ( u ¯ , v ¯ ) = ( A , B ( ψ + 1 ) ) with ψ defined by (1.8). By direct Computation, we arrive at

u ¯ t div ( | u ¯ | p 2 u ¯ ) Ω v ¯ m d x + α u ¯ r 0, (3.2)

and

v ¯ t div ( | v ¯ | p 2 v ¯ ) Ω u ¯ n d x + β v ¯ s 0. (3.3)

(d) For μ = p - 1, γ = s, we then have mn < r(q - 1). Let ( u ¯ , v ¯ ) = ( A ( φ + 1 ) , B ) with φ defined by (1.7), where A max x Ω ¯ u 0 ( x ) and B max x Ω ¯ v 0 ( x ) . Then, (3.2) and (3.3) hold if

( | Ω | B m ) 1 p - 1 A ( β | Ω | B s ( M 1 + 1 ) - n ) 1 n .

The proof of Theorem 1.1 is complete. □

### 4 Proof of Theorem 1.2

Proof of Theorem 1.2. Observe that 1/τ, 1/θ > 0 implies

p q > μ γ = max { p - 1 , r } max { q - 1 , s } .

For μ = r, γ = s. Choosing

B = α n β r | Ω | n + r 1 m n - r s a n d A = 1 2 | Ω | α 1 r B m r + β | Ω | 1 n B s n ,

then ( u ¯ , v ¯ ) = ( A , B ) is a global supersolution for problem (1.1) provided that A max x Ω ¯ u 0 ( x ) and B max x Ω ¯ v 0 ( x ) .

For μ = p - 1, γ = q - 1. Let ( u ¯ , v ¯ ) = ( A ( φ + 1 ) , B ( ψ + 1 ) ) , where φ and ψ satisfying (1.7) and (1.8), respectively. Choosing

A = 1 2 ( | Ω | 1 p - 1 ( M 2 + 1 ) m p - 1 B m p - 1 + 1 m 1 + 1 | Ω | - 1 n B q - 1 n ) ,

and

B = ( | Ω | n + p 1 ( m 1 + 1 ) n ( p 1 ) ( M 2 + 1 ) m n ) 1 m n ( p 1 ) ( q 1 ) ,

therefore, ( u ¯ , v ¯ ) is a global supersolution for system (1.1) if A max x Ω ¯ u 0 ( x ) and B max x Ω ¯ v 0 ( x ) .

For other cases, the solutions of (1.1) should be global due to the above discussion.

Next, we begin to prove our blow-up conclusion under large enough initial data. Due to the requirement of the comparison principle, we will construct blow-up subsolutions in some subdomain of Ω in which u, v > 0. We use an idea from Souplet [31] and apply it to degenerate equations. Since problem (1.1) does not make sense for negative values of (u, v), we actually consider the following problem

{ P u ( x , t ) u t div ( | u | p 2 u ) Ω v + m d x + α u + r = 0, x Ω , t > 0, Q v ( x , t ) v t div ( | v | q 2 v ) Ω u + n d x + β v + s = 0, x Ω , t > 0, u ( x , t ) = v ( x , t ) = 0, x Ω , t > 0, u ( x ,0 ) = u 0 ( x ), v ( x ,0 ) = v 0 ( x ), x Ω ¯ , (4.1)

where u+ = max{0, u}, v+ = max{0, v}. Let ϖ(x) be a nontrivial nonnegative continuous function and vanish on ∂Ω. Without loss of generality, we may assume that 0 ∈ Ω and ϖ(0) > 0. We shall construct a self-similar blow-up subsolution to complete our proof.

Set

u ( x , t ) = W ( y 1 ) ( T - t ) l 1 , v ( x , t ) = W ( y 2 ) ( T - t ) l 2 , (4.2)

here

y i = | x | ( T - t ) σ i 0 , W ( y i ) = 1 - y i 2 , i = 1 , 2 ,

and li, σi > 0(i = 1, 2), 0 < T < 1 are to be determined later. Notice the fact that

supp u ¯ ( x , t ) + = B ( 0, ( T t ) σ 1 ) ¯ B ( 0, T σ 1 ) ¯ Ω , supp v ¯ ( x , t ) + = B ( 0, ( T t ) σ 2 ) ¯ B ( 0, T σ 2 ) ¯ Ω (4.3)

for sufficiently small T > 0.

Calculating directly, we obtain

u t = l 1 W ( y 1 ) + σ 1 y 1 W ( y 1 ) ( T - t ) l 1 + 1 , - Δ u = 2 N ( T - t ) l 1 + 2 σ 1 , v t = l 2 W ( y 2 ) + σ 2 y 2 W ( y 2 ) ( T - t ) l 2 + 1 , - Δ v = 2 N ( T - t ) l 2 + 2 σ 2 ,

and

Ω v ¯ + m d x = 1 ( T t ) m l 2 B ( 0, ( T t ) σ 2 ) W m ( | x | ( T t ) σ 2 ) d x S 1 ( T t ) m l 2 N σ 2 , Ω u ¯ + n d x = 1 ( T t ) n l 1 B ( 0, ( T t ) σ 1 ) W n ( | x | ( T t ) σ 1 ) d x S 2 ( T t ) n l 1 N σ 1 ,

where

S 1 = B ( 0 , 1 ) W m ( | ξ | ) d ξ , S 2 = B ( 0 , 1 ) W n ( | ξ | ) d ξ .

On the other hand, we know

div ( | u ¯ | p 2 u ¯ ) = | u ¯ | p 2 Δ u ¯ + ( p 2 ) | u ¯ | p 4 ( u ¯ ) ( H x ( u ¯ ) ) u ¯ = | u ¯ | p 2 Δ u ¯ + ( p 2 ) | u ¯ | p 4 j = 1 N i = 1 N u ¯ x i 2 u ¯ x i x j u ¯ x j , (4.4)

div ( | v ¯ | q 2 v ¯ ) = | v ¯ | q 2 Δ v ¯ + ( q 2 ) | v ¯ | q 4 ( v ¯ ) ( H x ( v ¯ ) ) v ¯ = | v ¯ | q 2 Δ v ¯ + ( q 2 ) | v ¯ | q 4 j = 1 N i = 1 N v ¯ x i 2 v ¯ x i x j v ¯ x j , (4.5)

here Hx(

u
), Hx(
v
) denotes the Hessian matrix of
u
(x, t),
v
(x, t) respect to x, respectively. Use the notation d(Ω) = diam(Ω), then from (4.4) and (4.5), it follows that

| div ( | u ¯ | p 2 u ¯ ) | 2 N ( T t ) l 1 + 2 σ 1 ( d ( Ω ) ( T t ) l 1 + 2 σ 1 ) p 2 + 2 N ( p 2 ) ( T t ) l 1 + 2 σ 1 ( d ( Ω ) ( T t ) l 1 + 2 σ 1 ) p 4 ( d ( Ω ) ( T t ) l 1 + 2 σ 1 ) 2 = 2 N ( p 1 ) d ( Ω ) p 2 ( T t ) ( l 1 + 2 σ 1 ) ( p 1 ) , | div ( | v ¯ | q 2 v ¯ ) | 2 N ( T t ) l 2 + 2 σ 2 ( d ( Ω ) ( T t ) l 2 + 2 σ 2 ) q 2 + 2 N ( q 2 ) ( T t ) l 2 + 2 σ 2 ( d ( Ω ) ( T t ) l 2 + 2 σ 2 ) q 4 ( d ( Ω ) ( T t ) l 2 + 2 σ 2 ) 2 = 2 N ( q 1 ) d ( Ω ) q 2 ( T t ) l 2 + 2 σ 2 ( q 1 ) .

Further, we have

P u ( x , t ) l 1 ( T - t ) l 1 + 1 + 2 N ( p - 1 ) d ( Ω ) p - 2 ( T - t ) ( l 1 + 2 σ 1 ) ( p - 1 ) + α ( T - t ) r l 1 - S 1 ( T - t ) m l 2 - N σ 2 , (4.6)

and

Q v ( x , t ) l 2 ( T - t ) l 2 + 1 + 2 N ( q - 1 ) d ( Ω ) q - 2 ( T - t ) ( l 2 + 2 σ 2 ) ( q - 1 ) + β ( T - t ) s l 2 - S 2 ( T - t ) n l 1 - N σ 1 . (4.7)

Since 1/τ, 1/θ < 0, we see that μγ < mn. In addition, it is clear that

μ m < n + 1 m + 1 o r γ n < m + 1 n + 1 . (4.8)

For μ m < n + 1 m + 1 , we choose l1 and l2 such that

μ m < l 2 l 1 < min n + 1 m + 1 , n γ a n d μ < 1 + l 1 l 1 < m l 2 l 1 . (4.9)

Recall that μ = max{p - 1, r} and γ = max{q - 1, s}, then (4.9) implies

m l 2 > r l 1 , m l 2 > l 1 ( p - 1 ) , m l 2 > l 1 + 1 ,

and

n l 1 > s l 2 , n l 1 > l 2 ( q - 1 ) , n l 1 > l 2 + 1 .

Next, we can choose positive constants σ1, σ2 sufficiently small such that

σ 1 = σ 2 < min m l 2 - ( l 1 + 1 ) N , m l 2 - r l 1 N , m l 2 - l 1 ( p - 1 ) N + 2 ( p - 1 ) , n l 1 - ( l 2 + 1 ) N , n l 1 - s l 2 N , n l 1 - l 2 ( q - 1 ) N + 2 ( q - 1 ) ,

consequently, we have

m l 2 - N σ 2 > max l 1 + 1 , ( l 1 + 2 σ 1 ) ( p - 1 ) , r l 1 , n l 1 - N σ 1 > max l 2 + 1 , ( l 2 + 2 σ 2 ) ( q - 1 ) , s l 2 . (4.10)

For γ n < m + 1 n + 1 , we fix l1 and l2 to satisfy

γ n < l 1 l 2 < min m + 1 n + 1 , m μ a n d γ < 1 + l 2 l 2 < n l 1 l 2 , (4.11)

then we can also select σ1, σ2 small enough such that (4.10) holds.

From (4.6), (4.7) and (4.10), for sufficiently small T > 0, it follows that

P u ( x , t ) 0 , Q v ( x , t ) 0 i n Ω ¯ T . (4.12)

Since ϖ(0) > 0 and ϖ(x) are continuous, there exist two positive constants ρ and ε such that ϖ(x) ≥ ε for all x B(0, ρ) ⊂ Ω. Choose T small enough to insure B ( 0 , T σ 1 ) B ( 0 , ρ ) , hence

u
≤ 0,
v
≤ 0 on ST. From (4.1) and (4.2), it follows that u ( x , 0 ) M ¯ ϖ ( x ) , v ( x , 0 ) M ¯ ϖ ( x ) for sufficiently large M ¯ . By comparison principle, we have (
u
,
v
) ≤ (u, v) provided that u 0 ( x ) M ¯ ϖ ( x ) and v 0 ( x ) M ¯ ϖ ( x ) . It shows that (u, v) blows up in finite time. The proof of Theorem 1.2 is complete. □

### 5 Proof of Theorem 1.3

Proof of Theorem 1.3. In the critical case of (1/τ, 1/θ) = (0, 0), we have mn = μγ.

(i) For r > p - 1, s > q - 1, we know mn = rs. Thanks to αnβr ≥ |Ω|n+r, we can choose A and B sufficiently large such that A max x Ω ¯ u 0 ( x ) , B max x Ω ¯ v 0 ( x ) and

B m r ( | Ω | α ) 1 r A B s n ( | Ω | β ) 1 n .

Clearly, ( u ¯ , v ¯ ) = ( A , B ) is a supersolution of problem (1.1), then by comparison principle, the solution of (1.1) should be global.

Next, we begin to prove our blow-up conclusion. Since mn = rs, we can choose constants l1, l2 > 1 such that

q - 2 r - 1 < s n = l 1 l 2 = m r < s - 1 p - 2 . (5.1)

According to Proposition 2.3, we only need to construct a suitable blow-up subsolution of problem (1.1) on Ω ¯ T × Ω ¯ T . Let y(t) be the solution of the following ordinary differential equation

y ( t ) = c 1 y δ 1 - c 2 y δ 2 , t > 0 , y ( 0 ) = y 0 > 0 ,

where

c 1 = min Ω ψ m d x - α φ r l 1 φ , Ω φ n d x - β ψ s l 2 ψ , c 2 = max 1 l 1 φ , 1 l 2 ψ , δ 1 = min ( r - 1 ) l 1 + 1 , ( s - 1 ) l 2 + 1 , δ 2 = max ( p - 2 ) l 1 + 1 , ( q - 2 ) l 2 + 1 .

Since Ω ψ m d x > α φ r and Ω φ n d x > β ψ s , we have c1 > 0. On the other hand, by virtue of (5.1), it is easy to see that δ1 > δ2. Then, it is obvious that there exists a constant 0 < T' < +∞ such that

lim t T y ( t ) = + .

Construct

( u ( x , t ) , v ( x , t ) ) = ( y l 1 ( t ) φ ( x ) , y l 2 ( t ) ψ ( x ) ) ,

where φ, ψ satisfying (1.7) and (1.8), respectively. Moreover, by the assumptions on initial data, we can take small enough constant y0 such that

u 0 ( x ) y 0 l 1 M 1 a n d v 0 ( x ) y 0 l 2 M 2 f o r a l l x Ω . (5.2)

Now, we begin to verify that (

u
(x, t),
v
(x, t)) is a blow-up subsolution of the problem (1.1) on Ω ¯ T × Ω ¯ T , T < T'. In fact, ∀(x, t) ∈ ΩT × (0, T), a series of computations show

P u ¯ ( x , t ) u ¯ t div ( | u ¯ | p 2 u ¯ ) Ω v ¯ m d x + α u ¯ r = l 1 φ y l 1 1 y ( t ) + y l 1 ( p 1 ) y m l 2 Ω ψ m d x + α y r l 1 φ r = l 1 φ y l 1 1 ( y ( t ) + 1 l 1 φ y ( p 2 ) l 1 + 1 Ω ψ m d x α φ r l 1 φ y l 1 ( r 1 ) + 1 ) 0. (5.3)

Similarly, we also have

Q v ¯ ( x , t ) v ¯ t div ( | v ¯ | q 2 v ¯ ) Ω u ¯ n d x + β v ¯ s = l 2 ψ y l 2 1 y ( t ) + y l 2 ( q 1 ) y n l 1 Ω φ n d x + β y s l 2 ψ s = l 2 ψ y l 2 1 ( y ( t ) + 1 l 2 ψ y ( q 2 ) l 2 + 1 Ω φ n d x β ψ s l 2 ψ y l 2 ( s 1 ) + 1 ) 0. (5.4)

On the other hand, ∀t ∈ [0, T], we have

u ( x , t ) | x Ω = y l 1 ( t ) φ ( x ) | x Ω = 0 , (5.5)

and

v ( x , t ) | x Ω = y l 2 ( t ) ψ ( x ) | x Ω = 0 . (5.6)

Combining now (5.2)-(5.6), we see that (

u
,
v
) is a subsolution of (1.1) and (
u
,
v
) < (u, v) on Ω ¯ T × Ω ¯ T by comparison principle, thus (u, v) must blow up in finite time since (
u
,
v
) does.

(ii) For p - 1 > r, q - 1 > s, we know mn = (p - 1)(q - 1). Under the assumption ( Ω φ n d x ) 1 q - 1 ( Ω ψ m d x ) 1 m 1 , we can choose A, B such that

A n q - 1 Ω φ n d x 1 q - 1 B A p - 1 m Ω ψ m d x - 1 m .

Then, ( u ¯ , v ¯ ) = ( A φ , B ψ ) is a global supersolution of (1.1).

Since mn = (p - 1)(q - 1), we can choose constants l1, l2 > 1 such that

s - 1 p - 2 < q - 1 n = l 1 l 2 = m p - 1 < q - 2 r - 1 . (5.7)

Next, we consider the following ordinary differential equation

y ( t ) = c 1 y δ 1 - c 2 y δ 2 , t > 0 , y ( 0 ) = y 0 > 0 ,

where

c 1 = min Ω ψ m d x - 1 , Ω φ n d x - 1 , c 2 = max α φ r - 1 l 1 , β ψ s - 1 l 2 , δ 1 = min ( p - 2 ) l 1 + 1 , ( q - 2 ) l 2 + 1 , δ 2 = max ( r - 1 ) l 1 + 1 , ( s - 1 ) l 2 + 1 .

Since Ω ψ m d x > 1 , Ω φ n d x > 1 , we have c1 > 0. On the other hand, in light of (5.7), it is easy to show that δ1 > δ2. Then, it is clear that y(t) will become infinite in a finite time T' < +∞.

Let

( u ( x , t ) , v ( x , t ) ) = ( y l 1 ( t ) φ ( x ) , y l 2 ( t ) ψ ( x ) ) ,

where φ(x), ψ(x) satisfies (1.7) and (1.8), respectively. Similar to the arguments for the case r > p - 1, s > q - 1, we can prove that (

u
(x, t),
v
(x, t)) is a blow-up subsolution of the problem (1.1) on Ω ¯ T × Ω ¯ T , T < T'. Then, the solution (u, v) of (1.1) blows up in finite time.

(iii) For p - 1> r, s > q - 1, we know mn = s(p - 1). Since Ω φ n d x Ω - 1 m β 1 s , we can choose A, B such that

β - 1 s A n s Ω φ n d x B | Ω | - 1 m A p - 1 m .

We can check ( u ¯ , v ¯ ) = ( A φ , B ) is a global supersolution of (1.1).

Thanks to mn = s(p - 1), we can choose constants l1, l2 > 1 such that

q - 1 n < s n = l 1 l 2 = m p - 1 < m r . (5.8)

Let

( u ( x , t ) , v ( x , t ) ) = ( y l 1 ( t ) φ ( x ) , y l 2 ( t ) ψ ( x ) ) ,

where φ(x), ψ(x) are defined in (1.7) and (1.8), respectively, and y(t) satisfies the following Cauchy problem

y ( t ) = c 1 y δ 1 - c 2 y δ 2 , t > 0 , y ( 0 ) = y 0 > 0 ,

where

c 1 = min Ω ψ m d x - 1 , Ω φ n d x - β ψ s l 2 ψ , c 2 = max α φ r - 1 l 1 , 1 l 2 ψ , δ 1 = min ( p - 2 ) l 1 + 1 , ( s - 1 ) l 2 + 1 , δ 2 = max ( r - 1 ) l 1 + 1 , ( q - 2 ) l 2 + 1 .

Then, the left arguments are the same as those for the case r > p - 1, s > q - 1, so we omit them.

(iv) The proof of this case is parallel to (iii). The proof of Theorem 1.3 is complete. □

### Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

### Authors' contributions

The authors declare that the work was realized in collaboration with same responsibility. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

### Acknowledgements

The authors are very grateful to the anonymous referees and the editor for their careful reading and useful suggestions, which greatly improved the presentation of the paper. Dengming Liu is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Project No. CDJXS 11 10 00 19). Chunlai Mu is supported in part by NSF of China (Project No. 10771226) and in part by Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC (Project No. 2007BB0124).

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