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The Cauchy problem for the seventh-order dispersive equation in Sobolev space

Abstract

This paper is devoted to the Cauchy problem for the higher-order dispersive equation u t + x 7 u= x 2 ( u 2 ), x,tR. The local well-posedness of the associated Cauchy problem is established in Sobolev space H s (R) with s> 7 4 with the aid of the Fourier restriction norm method.

MSC:35K30.

1 Introduction

In this paper, we are concerned with the Cauchy problem for the following seventh-order dispersive equation:

u t + x 7 u= x 2 ( u 2 ) ,x,tR,
(1.1)
u(x,0)= u 0 (x).
(1.2)

Kenig et al. [1] established that

u t + x 2 j + 1 u+P ( u , x u , , x 2 j u ) =0,jN,x,tR,
(1.3)
u(x,0)= u 0 (x),
(1.4)

is locally well-posed in some weighted Sobolev spaces for small initial data and for arbitrary initial data. Recently, Pilod [2] studied the following higher-order nonlinear dispersive equation:

u t + x 2 j + 1 u= 0 j 1 + j 2 2 j a j 1 , j 2 x j 1 u x j 2 u,
(1.5)

where x,tR and u is a real- (or complex-) valued function and proved it is locally well-posed in weighted Besov and Sobolev spaces for small initial data and proved ill-posedness results when a 0 , k 0 for some k>j in the sense that (1.5) cannot have its flow map C 2 at the origin in H s (R). Very recently, Guo et al. [3] studied the Cauchy problem for

u t + x 5 + c 1 x u x 2 u+ c 2 u x 3 u=0,
(1.6)

and he proved that it is locally well-posed in H s (R) with s 5 4 with the aid of a short time Bourgain space.

In this paper, inspired by [15], by using the Fourier restriction norm method, we establish that (1.1)-(1.2) is locally well-posed in Sobolev space H s with s> 7 4 .

Now we give some notations and definitions. Throughout this paper, we always assume that ψ is a smooth function, ψ δ (t)=ψ( t δ ), satisfying 0ψ1, ψ=1 when t[0,1], suppψ[1,2] and σ=τ ξ 7 , σ k = τ k ξ k 7 (k=1,2),

W ( t ) u 0 = R e i ( x ξ t ξ 7 ) F x u 0 ( ξ ) d ξ , f L t q L x p = ( R ( R | f ( x , t ) | p d x ) q p d t ) 1 q , f L t p L x p = f L x t p .

ξ s = ( 1 + ξ 2 ) s 2 for any ξR, and Fu denotes the Fourier transformation of u with respect to its all variables. F 1 u denotes the Fourier inverse transformation of u with respect to its all variables. F x u denotes the Fourier transformation of u with respect to its space variable. F x 1 u denotes the Fourier inverse transformation of u with respect to its space variable. S( R n ) is the Schwarz space and S ( R n ) is its dual space. H s (R) is the Sobolev space with norm f H s ( R ) = ξ s F x f L ξ 2 ( R ) . For any s,bR, X s , b ( R 2 ) is the Bourgain space with phase function ϕ(ξ)= ξ 7 . That is, a function u(x,t) in S ( R 2 ) belongs to X s , b ( R 2 ) iff

u X s , b ( R 2 ) = ξ s σ b F u ( ξ , τ ) L τ 2 ( R ) L ξ 2 ( R ) <.

For any given interval L, X s , b (R×L) is the space of the restriction of all functions in X s , b ( R 2 ) on R×L, and for u X s , b (R×L) its norm is

u X s , b ( R × L ) =inf { U X s , b ( R 2 ) ; U | R × L = u } .

When L=[0,T], X s , b (R×L) is abbreviated as X s , b T .

The main result of this paper is as follows.

Theorem 1.1 Assume that u 0 (x) H s (R) with s> 7 4 . Then the Cauchy problem for (1.1) is locally well-posed.

The remainder of paper is arranged as follows. In Section 2, we make some preliminaries. In Section 3, we give an important bilinear estimate. In Section 4, we establish Theorem 1.1.

2 Preliminaries

Lemma 2.1 Let b> 1 2 . Then

u L x t 4 C u X 0 , 4 b 7 ,
(2.1)
D x 5 4 u L t 4 L x C u X 0 , b ,
(2.2)
u L t 4 L x 2 C u X 0 , 1 2 b ,
(2.3)
u X 0 , 1 2 b C u L t 4 3 L x 2 ,
(2.4)
D x 5 8 u L x t 4 C u X 0 , 3 4 b .
(2.5)

Proof For the proof of (2.1)-(2.5), we refer the readers to Lemma 2.1 of [5].

We have completed the proof of Lemma 2.1. □

Lemma 2.2 Assume that b= 1 2 +ϵ. Then

I 1 2 ( u 1 , u 2 ) L x t 2 C k = 1 2 u k X 0 , b ,
(2.6)

where

F I 1 2 ( u 1 , u 2 )(ξ,τ)= ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 τ = τ 1 + τ 2 | ξ 1 6 ξ 2 6 | 1 2 F u 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 )F u 2 ( ξ 2 , τ 2 )d ξ 1 d τ 1 .

Lemma 2.2 is the case of n=3 of Lemma 3.1 of [5].

Lemma 2.3 For any 0<δ< 1 2 , and sR, for b>0, we have

ψ δ ( t ) W ( t ) u 0 X s , b C δ 1 2 b u 0 H s .
(2.7)

For 1 2 < b 0 b +1, we have

ψ δ ( t ) 0 t W ( t τ ) u d τ X s , b C δ 1 + b b u X s , b .
(2.8)

Lemma 2.3 can be found as Lemma 2.4 of [6].

3 Bilinear estimates

In this section, we will give an important bilinear estimate.

We give an important relation before proving the bilinear estimate.

|σ σ 1 σ 2 |=| ξ 7 ξ 1 7 ξ 2 7 | ξ min ξ max 6 ,

where

ξ min = min { | ξ | , | ξ 1 | , | ξ 2 | } , ξ max = max { | ξ | , | ξ 1 | , | ξ 2 | } .
(3.1)

Lemma 3.1 Let s 7 4 +21ϵ, b= 1 2 +ϵ, where 0ϵ1, b = 1 2 +2ϵ. Then

x 2 k = 1 2 ( u k ) X s , b C k = 1 2 u k X s , b .
(3.2)

Proof Let

F k ( ξ k , τ k ) = ξ k s σ k b F u k ( ξ k , τ k ) , F ( ξ , τ ) = ξ s σ b F u ( ξ , τ ) , σ = τ ξ 7 , σ k = τ k ξ k 7 , k = 1 , 2 .

To establish (3.2), it is sufficient to derive the following inequality:

R 2 ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 τ = τ 1 + τ 2 K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 ,ξ,τ)|F| k = 1 2 | F k |d ξ 1 d τ 1 dξdτC F L ξ τ 2 F 1 L ξ τ 2 F 2 L ξ τ 2 ,
(3.3)

where

K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 ,ξ,τ)= | ξ | 2 σ b ξ s k = 1 2 ξ k s σ k b .
(3.4)

Without loss of generality, we assume that F0, F k 0 (k=1,2). To derive (3.3), it suffices to prove that

R 2 ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 τ = τ 1 + τ 2 K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 ,ξ,τ)F k = 1 2 F k d ξ 1 d τ 1 dξdτC F L ξ τ 2 F 1 L ξ τ 2 F 2 L ξ τ 2 .
(3.5)

By using the symmetry between | ξ 1 | and ξ 2 , without loss of generality, we can assume that | ξ 1 || ξ 2 |. Obviously,

{ ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 , τ = τ 1 + τ 2 , | ξ 2 | | ξ 1 | } k = 1 6 Ω k ,

where

Ω 1 = { ( ξ 1 , τ 1 , ξ , τ ) R 4 , ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 , τ = τ 1 + τ 2 , | ξ 1 | | ξ 2 | 18 } , Ω 2 = { ( ξ 1 , τ 1 , ξ , τ ) R 4 , ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 , τ = τ 1 + τ 2 , | ξ 2 | 18 , | ξ 2 | 4 | ξ 1 | , | ξ 1 | 1 } , Ω 3 = { ( ξ 1 , τ 1 , ξ , τ ) R 4 , ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 , τ = τ 1 + τ 2 , | ξ 2 | 18 , | ξ 2 | 4 | ξ 1 | , | ξ 1 | 1 } , Ω 4 = { ( ξ 1 , τ 1 , ξ , τ ) R 4 , ξ = k = 1 2 ξ k , τ = k = 1 2 τ k , | ξ 2 | 18 , Ω 4 = | ξ 1 | | ξ 2 | 4 | ξ 1 | , | ξ | 1 2 | ξ 1 | , ξ 1 ξ 2 0 } , Ω 5 = { ( ξ 1 , τ 1 , ξ , τ ) R 4 , ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 , τ = τ 1 + τ 2 , | ξ 2 | 18 , | ξ 1 | | ξ 2 | 4 | ξ 1 | , | ξ 2 | | ξ | 2 } , Ω 6 = { ( ξ 1 , τ 1 , ξ , τ ) R 4 , ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 , τ = τ 1 + τ 2 , | ξ 2 | 18 , | ξ 1 | | ξ 2 | 4 | ξ 1 | , ξ 1 ξ 2 0 } .

We will denote the integrals in (3.5) corresponding to Ω k (1k6) by J k (1k6), respectively. Let f= F 1 F σ b , f k = F 1 F k σ k b , k=1,2.

  1. (1)

    Subregion Ω 1 . Since | ξ 1 || ξ 2 |18, we have |ξ|36, which yields

    K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 ,ξ,τ) C σ b k = 1 2 σ k b .

Then, by the Plancherel identity, the Hölder inequality, and 4 7 b<b, we derive

J 1 C R 2 ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 τ = τ 1 + τ 2 K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 , ξ , τ ) F k = 1 2 F k d ξ 1 d τ 1 d ξ d τ C R 2 ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 τ = τ 1 + τ 2 F k = 1 2 F k σ b k = 1 2 σ k b d ξ 1 d τ 1 d ξ d τ C R 2 f 1 f 2 f d x d t C f L x t 2 k = 1 2 f k L x t 4 C F L ξ τ 2 k = 1 2 f k X 0 , 4 7 b C F L ξ τ 2 k = 1 2 F k L ξ τ 2 .
  1. (2)

    Subregion Ω 2 . In this subregion, obviously, | ξ 2 ||ξ|.

It is easily checked that

K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 ,ξ,τ)C | ξ | 2 σ b k = 1 2 σ k b C | ξ 1 6 ξ 2 6 | 1 / 2 k = 1 2 σ k b .

Consequently, by the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and Lemma 2.2, we have

J 2 C R 2 ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 τ = τ 1 + τ 2 K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 , ξ , τ ) F k = 1 2 F k d ξ 1 d τ 1 d ξ d τ C R 2 ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 τ = τ 1 + τ 2 F k = 1 2 F k | ξ 1 6 ξ 2 6 | 1 2 k = 1 2 σ k b d ξ 1 d τ 1 d ξ d τ C ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 τ = τ 1 + τ 2 | ξ 1 6 ξ 2 6 | 1 2 k = 1 2 F k k = 1 2 σ k b d ξ 1 d τ 1 L ξ τ 2 F L ξ τ 2 C F L ξ τ 2 k = 1 2 F k L ξ τ 2 .
  1. (3)

    Subregion Ω 3 . In this subregion, we derive |ξ|| ξ 2 |. Thus,

    K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 ,ξ,τ)C | ξ | 2 | ξ 1 | s σ b k = 1 2 σ k b .
  2. (i)

    Case |σ|=max{|σ|,| σ 1 |,| σ 2 |}. By (3.1), we derive

    K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 ,ξ,τ)C | ξ | 2 + 6 b | ξ 1 | s + b k = 1 2 σ k b C | ξ 1 6 ξ 2 6 | 1 / 2 k = 1 2 σ k b .

If s+ b 0, then

K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 ,ξ,τ)C | ξ | 2 + 6 b | ξ 1 | s + b k = 1 2 σ k b C | ξ 1 6 ξ 2 6 | 1 / 2 k = 1 2 σ k b .

If s+ b 0, then

K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 ,ξ,τ)C | ξ | 2 s + 7 b k = 1 2 σ k b C | ξ 1 6 ξ 2 6 | 1 / 2 k = 1 2 σ k b .

This case can be proved similarly to Ω 2 .

  1. (ii)

    Case | σ 1 |=max{|σ|,| σ 1 |,| σ 2 |}. Since σ b + b σ 1 b + b , we have

    K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 ,ξ,τ)C | ξ | 2 | ξ 1 | s σ 1 b σ 2 b σ b C | ξ | 2 + 6 b | ξ 1 | s + b σ 2 b σ b .

If s+ b 0, we have

K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 ,ξ,τ)C | ξ 2 | 5 / 4 σ 2 b σ b ,

consequently, by using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality and (2.5) and (2.4), we have

R 2 ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 τ = τ 1 + τ 2 | ξ 2 | 2 n 1 4 F j = 1 2 F j σ 2 b σ b d ξ 1 d τ 1 d ξ d τ σ b R 2 | ξ 2 | 5 4 σ b j = 1 2 F j d ξ 1 d τ 1 L ξ τ 2 F L ξ τ 2 C F 1 ( F 1 ) ( D x 5 4 f 2 ) L t 4 3 L x 2 F L ξ τ 2 C F 1 ( F 1 ) L x t 2 D x 5 / 4 f 2 L t 4 L x F L ξ τ 2 C F 1 L ξ τ 2 F L ξ τ 2 f 2 X 0 , b C F L ξ τ 2 j = 1 2 F j L ξ τ 2 .

If s+ b 0, since s 7 4 +21ϵ, we have

K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 ,ξ,τ)C | ξ | 3 s + 7 b σ 2 b σ b C | ξ 2 | 5 / 4 σ 2 b σ b .

This case can be proved similarly to the above case.

  1. (iii)

    Case | σ 2 |=max{|σ|,| σ 1 |,| σ 2 |}. This case is similar to (ii) case | σ 1 |=max{|σ|,| σ 1 |,| σ 2 |}.

  2. (4)

    Subregion Ω 4 . In this subregion, | ξ 1 || ξ 2 |, and it is easy to obtain

    | ξ 1 6 ξ 2 6 |C|ξ| | ξ 1 | 5 ,| ξ 6 ξ 1 6 |C | ξ 1 | 6 ,| ξ 6 ξ 2 6 |C | ξ 2 | 6 .
  3. (i)

    Case |σ|=max{|σ|,| σ 1 |,| σ 2 |}. By using, | ξ 1 || ξ 2 |, when s0, we have

    K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 ,ξ,τ)C | ξ | 3 σ b k = 1 2 σ k b C | ξ 1 6 ξ 2 6 | 1 / 2 σ b k = 1 2 σ k b .

This case can be proved similarly to Subregion Ω 2 . When s0, we have

K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 ,ξ,τ)C | ξ | 3 | ξ 1 | 2 s σ b j = 1 2 σ j b .

If |σ|=max{|σ|,| σ 1 |,| σ 2 |}, since 7 4 +21ϵs0, then

K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 , ξ , τ ) C | ξ | 3 + b | ξ 1 | 2 s + 6 b k = 1 2 σ k b C | ξ | 1 / 2 | ξ 1 | 5 / 2 | ξ | 5 2 + b | ξ 1 | 2 s + 6 b 5 / 2 k = 1 2 σ k b C | ξ 1 6 ξ 2 6 | 1 / 2 k = 1 2 σ k b .

By using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, we have

J 4 C R 2 ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 τ = τ 1 + τ 2 K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 , ξ , τ ) F k = 1 2 F k d ξ 1 d τ 1 d ξ d τ C R 2 ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 τ = τ 1 + τ 2 | ξ 1 6 ξ 2 6 | 1 / 2 k = 1 2 σ k b F k = 1 2 F k d ξ 1 d τ 1 d ξ d τ C ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 τ = τ 1 + τ 2 | ξ 1 6 ξ 2 6 | 1 / 2 k = 1 2 σ k b k = 1 2 F k d ξ 1 d τ 1 L ξ τ 2 F L ξ τ 2 C F L ξ τ 2 j = 1 2 F j L 2 .
  1. (ii)

    Case max{|σ|,| σ 1 |,| σ 2 |}=| σ 1 |. Since σ b + b σ 1 b + b , by using 7 4 +21ϵs0, we have

    K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 ,ξ,τ)C | ξ | 3 | ξ 1 | 2 s σ b σ 2 b σ 1 b C | ξ | 3 + b | ξ 1 | 2 s + 6 b σ b σ 2 b C | ξ 6 ξ 2 6 | 1 / 2 σ b σ 2 b .

This case can be proved similarly to max{|σ|,| σ 1 |,| σ 2 |}=|σ|.

  1. (iii)

    Case max{|σ|,| σ 1 |,| σ 2 |}=| σ 2 |.

This case can be proved similarly to max{|σ|,| σ 1 |,| σ 2 |}=| σ 1 |.

  1. (5)

    Subregion Ω 5 . In this region |ξ|| ξ 1 || ξ 2 |, thus, we have

    K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 ,ξ,τ)C | ξ | 3 s σ b k = 1 2 σ k b .
  2. (i)

    If |σ|=max{|σ|,| σ 1 |,| σ 2 |}, by using (3.1) and s 9 4 + 21 2 ϵ, we have

    K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 ,ξ,τ)C | ξ | 3 s + 7 b k = 1 2 σ k b C k = 1 2 | ξ k | 5 8 k = 1 2 σ k b .

By using the Plancherel identity, the Hölder inequality, and 3 4 b<b as well as (2.5), we have

J 5 C R 2 ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 τ = τ 1 + τ 2 K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 , ξ , τ ) F k = 1 2 F k d ξ 1 d τ 1 d ξ d τ C R 2 ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 τ = τ 1 + τ 2 k = 1 2 | ξ k | 5 8 k = 1 2 σ k b d ξ 1 d τ 1 d ξ d τ C R 2 F 1 F k = 1 2 D x 5 8 f k d x d t C F 1 F L x t 2 k = 1 2 D x 5 8 f k L x t 4 C F L ξ τ 2 k = 1 2 f k X 0 , 3 4 b C F L ξ τ 2 k = 1 2 F k L ξ τ 2 .
  1. (ii)

    If | σ 1 |=max{|σ|,| σ 1 |,| σ 2 |}, then σ b σ 1 b σ 1 b σ b . By using (3.1), we have

    K 2 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 ,ξ,τ)C | ξ | 2 s σ 1 b σ 2 b σ b C | ξ | 2 s + 7 b σ 2 b σ b C | ξ | 5 8 | ξ 2 | 5 8 σ b σ 2 b .

By using the Plancherel identity, the Hölder inequality, (2.5) and 3 4 b<b, we have

J 5 C R 2 ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 τ = τ 1 + τ 2 K 1 ( ξ 1 , τ 1 , ξ , τ ) F k = 1 2 F k d ξ 1 d τ 1 d ξ d τ C R 2 ξ = ξ 1 + ξ 2 τ = τ 1 + τ 2 | ξ | 5 8 | ξ 2 | 5 8 σ 2 b σ 2 b F k = 1 2 F k d ξ 1 d τ 1 d ξ d τ C R 2 ( F 1 F 1 ) ( D x 5 8 F 1 ( F σ b ) ) D x 5 8 f 2 d x d t C F 1 F 1 L x t 2 D x 5 8 f 2 L x t 4 D x 5 8 F 1 ( F σ b ) L x t 4 C F 1 L ξ τ 2 f 2 X 0 , 3 4 b F σ b X 0 , 3 4 b C F L ξ τ 2 k = 1 2 F k L ξ τ 2 .
  1. (iii)

    If | σ 2 |=max{|σ|,| σ 1 |,| σ 2 |}.

This case can be proved similarly to the case | σ 1 |=max{|σ|,| σ 1 |,| σ 2 |}.

  1. (6)

    Subregion Ω 6 . In this region, we have |ξ|| ξ 1 || ξ 2 |.

This case can be proved similarly to the Subregion Ω 5 .

We have completed the proof of Lemma 3.1. □

4 Proof of Theorem 1.1

The system (1.1)-(1.2) is equivalent to the following integral equation:

u(t)=W(t) u 0 + 0 t W(tτ) x 2 ( u 2 ) dτ.
(4.1)

We define

Φ(u)=Ψ(t)W(t) u 0 + Ψ δ (t) 0 t W(tτ) x 2 ( u 2 ) dτ.
(4.2)

Combining Lemmas 2.3 and 3.1 with the fixed point theorem, we easily obtain Theorem 1.1.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank reviewers for a careful reading and valuable comments on the original draft. The first author is supported by Foundation and Frontier of Henan Province under grant Nos. 122300410414, 132300410432.

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Wang, H., Zheng, Y. The Cauchy problem for the seventh-order dispersive equation in Sobolev space. Bound Value Probl 2014, 122 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-2770-2014-122

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