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<art>
   <ui>1687-2770-2011-516481</ui>
   <ji>1687-2770</ji>
   <fm>
      <dochead>Research Article</dochead>
      <bibl>
         <title>
            <p>Existence of Solutions to Nonlinear Langevin Equation Involving Two Fractional Orders with Boundary Value Conditions</p>
         </title>
         <aug>
            <au ca="yes" id="A1"><snm>Chen</snm><fnm>Anping</fnm><insr iid="I1"/><insr iid="I2"/><email>chenap@263.net</email></au>
            <au id="A2"><snm>Chen</snm><fnm>Yi</fnm><insr iid="I2"/><email>chenyi860207@163.com</email></au>
         </aug>
         <insg>
            <ins id="I1"><p>Department of Mathematics, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China</p></ins>
            <ins id="I2"><p>School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411005, China</p></ins>
         </insg>
         <source>Boundary Value Problems</source>
         <issn>1687-2770</issn>
         <pubdate>2011</pubdate>
         <volume>2011</volume>
         <issue>1</issue>
         <fpage>516481</fpage>
         <url>http://www.boundaryvalueproblems.com/content/2011/1/516481</url>
         <xrefbib><pubid idtype="doi">10.1155/2011/516481</pubid></xrefbib>
      </bibl>
      <history><rec><date><day>30</day><month>9</month><year>2010</year></date></rec><revrec><date><day>21</day><month>1</month><year>2011</year></date></revrec><acc><date><day>26</day><month>2</month><year>2011</year></date></acc><pub><date><day>14</day><month>3</month><year>2011</year></date></pub></history>
      <cpyrt><year>2011</year><collab>Anping Chen and Yi Chen.</collab><note>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</note></cpyrt>
      <abs>
         <sec>
            <st>
               <p/>
            </st>
            <p>We study a boundary value problem to Langevin equation involving two fractional orders. The Banach fixed point theorem and Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem are applied to establish the existence results.</p>
         </sec>
      </abs>
   </fm>
   <bdy>
      <sec>
         <st>
            <p>1. Introduction</p>
         </st>
         <p>Recently, the subject of fractional differential equations has emerged as an important area of investigation. Indeed, we can find numerous applications in viscoelasticity, electrochemistry, control, electromagnetic, porous media, and so forth. In consequence, the subject of fractional differential equations is gaining much importance and attention. For some recent developments on the subject, see [<abbr bid="B1">1</abbr>&#8211;<abbr bid="B8">8</abbr>] and the references therein. </p>
         <p>Langevin equation is widely used to describe the evolution of physical phenomena in fluctuating environments. However, for systems in complex media, ordinary Langevin equation does not provide the correct description of the dynamics. One of the possible generalizations of Langevin equation is to replace the ordinary derivative by a fractional derivative in it. This gives rise to fractional Langevin equation, see for instance [<abbr bid="B9">9</abbr>&#8211;<abbr bid="B12">12</abbr>] and the references therein. </p>
         <p>In this paper, we consider the following boundary value problem of Langevin equation with two different fractional orders: </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M11">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i1.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>where <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i2.gif"/></inline-formula> is a positive constant, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i3.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i4.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i5.gif"/></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i6.gif"/></inline-formula> are the Caputo fractional derivatives, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i7.gif"/></inline-formula> is continuous, and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i8.gif"/></inline-formula> is a real number. </p>
         <p>The organization of this paper is as follows. In Section 2, we recall some definitions of fractional integral and derivative and preliminary results which will be used in this paper. In Section 3, we will consider the existence results for problem (1.1). In Section 4, we will give an example to ensure our main results. </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
         <st>
            <p>2. Preliminaries</p>
         </st>
         <p>In this section, we present some basic notations, definitions, and preliminary results which will be used throughout this paper.</p>
         <p>Definition 2.1. </p>
         <p>The Caputo fractional derivative of order <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i9.gif"/></inline-formula> of a function <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i10.gif"/></inline-formula>, is defined as </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M21">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i11.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>where <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i12.gif"/></inline-formula> denotes the integer part of the real number <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i13.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Definition 2.2. </p>
         <p>The Riemann-Liouville fractional integral of order <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i14.gif"/></inline-formula> of a function <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i15.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i16.gif"/></inline-formula>, is defined as </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M22">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i17.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>provided that the right side is pointwise defined on <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i18.gif"/></inline-formula>. </p>
         <p>Definition 2.3. </p>
         <p>The Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative of order <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i19.gif"/></inline-formula> of a continuous function <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i20.gif"/></inline-formula> is given by </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M23">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i21.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>where <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i22.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i23.gif"/></inline-formula> denotes the integer part of real number <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i24.gif"/></inline-formula>, provided that the right side is pointwise defined on <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i25.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Lemma 2.4 (see [<abbr bid="B8">8</abbr>]). </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i26.gif"/></inline-formula>, then the fractional differential equation <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i27.gif"/></inline-formula> has solution </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M24">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i28.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>where <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i29.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i30.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i31.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Lemma 2.5 (see [<abbr bid="B8">8</abbr>]). </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i32.gif"/></inline-formula>, then </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M25">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i33.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>for some <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i34.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i35.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i36.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Lemma 2.6. </p>
         <p>The unique solution of the following boundary value problem </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M26">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i37.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>is given by </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M27">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i38.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p>Proof. </p>
         <p>Similar to the discussion of [<abbr bid="B9">9</abbr>, equation (1.5)], the general solution of </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M28">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i39.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>can be written as </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M29">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i40.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>By the boundary conditions <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i41.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i42.gif"/></inline-formula>, we obtain </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M210">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i43.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Hence, </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M211">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i44.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p>Lemma 2.7 (Krasnoselskii<inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i45.gif"/></inline-formula>s fixed point theorem). </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i46.gif"/></inline-formula> be a bounded closed convex subset of a Banach space <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i47.gif"/></inline-formula>, and let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i48.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i49.gif"/></inline-formula> be the operators such that</p>
         <p indent="1">(i)<inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i50.gif"/></inline-formula> whenever <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i51.gif"/></inline-formula>,</p>
         <p indent="1">(ii)<inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i52.gif"/></inline-formula> is completely continuous,</p>
         <p indent="1">(iii)<inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i53.gif"/></inline-formula> is a contraction mapping.</p>
         <p>Then there exists <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i54.gif"/></inline-formula> such that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i55.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Lemma 2.8 (H&#246;lder inequality). </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i56.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i57.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i58.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i59.gif"/></inline-formula>, then the following inequality holds: </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M212">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i60.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
      </sec>
      <sec>
         <st>
            <p>3. Main Result</p>
         </st>
         <p>In this section, our aim is to discuss the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the problem (1.1).</p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i61.gif"/></inline-formula> be a Banach space of all continuous functions from <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i62.gif"/></inline-formula> with the norm <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i63.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Theorem 3.1. </p>
         <p>Assume that</p>
         <p>(H1) there exists a real-valued function <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i64.gif"/></inline-formula> for some <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i65.gif"/></inline-formula> such that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M31">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i66.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>If </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M32">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i67.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>where <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i68.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i69.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i70.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i71.gif"/></inline-formula>, then problem (1.1) has a unique solution.</p>
         <p>Proof. </p>
         <p>Define an operator <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i72.gif"/></inline-formula> by </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M33">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i73.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i74.gif"/></inline-formula> and choose </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M34">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i75.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>where <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i76.gif"/></inline-formula> is such that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i77.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>Now we show that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i78.gif"/></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i79.gif"/></inline-formula>. For <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i80.gif"/></inline-formula>, by H&#246;lder inequality, we have </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M35">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i81.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Take notice of Beta functions: </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M36">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i82.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>We can get </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M37">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i83.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Therefore, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i84.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p>For <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i85.gif"/></inline-formula> and for each <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i86.gif"/></inline-formula>, based on H&#246;lder inequality, we obtain </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M38">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i87.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Since <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i88.gif"/></inline-formula>, consequently <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i89.gif"/></inline-formula> is a contraction. As a consequence of Banach fixed point theorem, we deduce that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i90.gif"/></inline-formula> has a fixed point which is a solution of problem (1.1). </p>
         <p>Corollary 3.2. </p>
         <p>Assume that</p>
         <p>(H1)&#8242; There exists a constant <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i91.gif"/></inline-formula> such that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M39">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i92.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>If </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M310">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i93.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>then problem (1.1) has a unique solution.</p>
         <p>Theorem 3.3. </p>
         <p>Suppose that (H1) and the following condition hold:</p>
         <p>(H2) There exists a constant <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i94.gif"/></inline-formula> and a real-valued function <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i95.gif"/></inline-formula> such that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M311">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i96.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Then the problem (1.1) has at least one solution on <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i97.gif"/></inline-formula> if </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M312">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i98.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p>Proof. </p>
         <p>Let us fix </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M313">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i99.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>here, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i100.gif"/></inline-formula>; consider <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i101.gif"/></inline-formula>, then <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i102.gif"/></inline-formula> is a closed, bounded, and convex subset of Banach space <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i103.gif"/></inline-formula>. We define the operators <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i104.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i105.gif"/></inline-formula> on <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i106.gif"/></inline-formula> as </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M314">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i107.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>For <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i108.gif"/></inline-formula>, based on H&#246;lder inequality, we find that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M315">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i109.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Thus, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i110.gif"/></inline-formula>, so <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i111.gif"/></inline-formula>. </p>
         <p>For <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i112.gif"/></inline-formula> and for each <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i113.gif"/></inline-formula>, by the analogous argument to the proof of Theorem 3.1, we obtain </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M316">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i114.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>From the assumption </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M317">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i115.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>it follows that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i116.gif"/></inline-formula> is a contraction mapping.</p>
         <p>The continuity of <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i117.gif"/></inline-formula> implies that the operator <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i118.gif"/></inline-formula> is continuous. Also, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i119.gif"/></inline-formula> is uniformly bounded on <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i120.gif"/></inline-formula> as </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M318">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i121.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>On the other hand, let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i122.gif"/></inline-formula>, for all <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i123.gif"/></inline-formula>, setting </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M319">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i124.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>For each <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i125.gif"/></inline-formula>, we will prove that if <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i126.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i127.gif"/></inline-formula>, then </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M320">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i128.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>In fact, we have </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M321">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i129.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>In the following, the proof is divided into two cases.</p>
         <p/>
         <p>Case 1. </p>
         <p>For <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i130.gif"/></inline-formula>, we have </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M322">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i131.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p/>
         <p/>
         <p>Case 2. </p>
         <p>for <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i132.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i133.gif"/></inline-formula>, we have. </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M323">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i134.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Therefore, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i135.gif"/></inline-formula> is equicontinuous and the Arzela-Ascoli theorem implies that <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i136.gif"/></inline-formula> is compact on <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i137.gif"/></inline-formula>, so the operator <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i138.gif"/></inline-formula> is completely continuous.</p>
         <p>Thus, all the assumptions of Lemma 2.7 are satisfied and the conclusion of Lemma 2.7 implies that the boundary value problem (1.1) has at least one solution on <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i139.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
         <p/>
         <p>Corollary 3.4. </p>
         <p>Suppose that the condition (H1)&#8242; hold and, assume that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M324">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i140.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Further assume that </p>
         <p>(H2)&#8242; there exists a constant <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i141.gif"/></inline-formula> such that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M325">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i142.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>then problem (1.1) has at least one solution on <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i143.gif"/></inline-formula>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
         <st>
            <p>4. Example</p>
         </st>
         <p>Let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i144.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i145.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i146.gif"/></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i147.gif"/></inline-formula>. We consider the following boundary value problem </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M41">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i148.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>where </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M42">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i149.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Because of <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i150.gif"/></inline-formula>, let <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i151.gif"/></inline-formula>, then <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i152.gif"/></inline-formula>, we have <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i153.gif"/></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i154.gif"/></inline-formula>. Further,</p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M43">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i155.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Then BVP (4.1) has a unique solution on <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i156.gif"/></inline-formula> according to Theorem 3.1.</p>
         <p>On the other hand, we find that </p>
         <p>
            <display-formula id="M44">
               <graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i157.gif"/>
            </display-formula>
         </p>
         <p>Then BVP (4.1) has at least one solution on <inline-formula><graphic file="1687-2770-2011-516481-i158.gif"/></inline-formula> according to Theorem 3.3.</p>
      </sec>
   </bdy>
   <bm>
      <ack>
         <sec>
            <st>
               <p>Acknowledgments</p>
            </st>
            <p>This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (10971173), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (10JJ3096), the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province, and the Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province.</p>
         </sec>
      </ack>
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</art>